Martin Luther was the person that started the new reformation through his ideas. He was born in Germany in 1483. He was well educated and his father always wished that Luther would study law. In 1505 Luther decided to become a monk after he got stroked with a thunderstorm. After becoming a monk, Luther tried his best to live with what the Church instructed him. Luther was always worried about that God would punish him and he always thought that he was a sinner. When he started to think deeper about the punishment it brought him to think about God as if God was God of Mercy. Afterwards he started to believe that the people could be saved only if they had faith in Christ.
Luther started to led a conflict with the Catholic Church. The conflict started like this: the church was selling indulgences and Luther disapproved this. So he started to write his ideas in Ninety-Five These.
Several of his ideas:
-the bible is the only source of religious truth
-People don't need the clergy to interpret the bible
-salvation can be gained only through faith in Christ.
These ideas brought end to the Catholic church.
Thursday, May 14, 2015
Printing press reflection
Printing Press
Printing press the most significant technological achievement in the Renaissance era. Printing press was invented by a German man named Johann Gutenberg. This machine was invented in 1400s. The printing press was a machine that pressed paper against a full tray of inked movable type. Gutenberg used printing press to print the complete version of the bible in 1455. Printing press was very important because it now allowed to print more books instead of barely printing one. Also printing press allowed not only the noble class to read books but also it allowed the lower class to read books. The printing press also encouraged many authors in those times to start to write their book in their native language. The printing press also allowed the authors to write more books,which were translated into their native language. The people could read the books in their everyday language. The bible was also translated into different native languages and now people could understand the bible in their own conclusions about religious teachings
14.2 Lecture notes
Luther's ideas spread
-priests preached his message
Printing press
-cheaper
-many languages
Peasants revolt (1500s)
-Luthers ideas of individual freedom
-condemn peasants + nobility who mistreated peasants
Religious wars (mid 1500s)
Charles V head of Holy Roman Empire
-many German princes go to war with Charles V
-made Luther an outlaw
John Calvin (Calvinism)
-predestination
-individuals have no choice in heaven or hell
Church of England
-King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife
-form Church of England (Anglican)
-kept catholic beliefs but rejected pope
Counter reformation
Council of trent 1545-1563
- established differences between Protestants + Catholics
Jesuits - very organized, strict organization
-spread Catholicism to Africa, Asia + Americas
Inquisition - court to judge People who wander from the lord to Catholic Church
-officials used institution to torture to get people to confess sins
-priests preached his message
Printing press
-cheaper
-many languages
Peasants revolt (1500s)
-Luthers ideas of individual freedom
-condemn peasants + nobility who mistreated peasants
Religious wars (mid 1500s)
Charles V head of Holy Roman Empire
-many German princes go to war with Charles V
-made Luther an outlaw
John Calvin (Calvinism)
-predestination
-individuals have no choice in heaven or hell
Church of England
-King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife
-form Church of England (Anglican)
-kept catholic beliefs but rejected pope
Counter reformation
Council of trent 1545-1563
- established differences between Protestants + Catholics
Jesuits - very organized, strict organization
-spread Catholicism to Africa, Asia + Americas
Inquisition - court to judge People who wander from the lord to Catholic Church
-officials used institution to torture to get people to confess sins
Friday, May 1, 2015
Compare the Italian and the Northern Renaissance
Italian Renaissance:
The Italian Renaissance started from 1300 until 1600. The Italian Renaissance began in the center city of Rome - Italy. The Italian Renaissance developed art, architecture, engineering, and renaissance writing. The Italian Renaissance were the first ones to develop a medici family which were later called the patrons. The development of art in the Italian Renaissance included changing the two dimensional into three dimensional art. Before the art works were flat and in the Italian Renaissance the artists, sculptures started to make art in 3D. This technique is known as perspective. This technique helped the art works to look more realistic. In the Italian Renaissance they had 3 main figures that were leading the art to its perfection. They were Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. They made the most famous works. There also was a famous architecture that changed architecting into something new. His name was Fillippo Brunelleschi. He was known for designing and building the most significant churches in those times. The last thing that was developed in the Italian Renaissance was writing. The writers were writing in latin and they made a new play that was called the divine comedy. It was focused on spiritual development and life after death.
Northern Renaissance:
The Renaissance started to move north after the Hundred Year war ended between England and France. The cities in this renaissance started to grow rapidly because trade was going very well. The Northern Renaissance developed writing, art, science, and technology. The people in the Northern Renaissance didn't focus too much on the classical art. Instead they created more realistic arts. There were 2 famous Flemish painters: Jan Van Eyck and Pieter Bruegel. Both of them should the lives of different social status. Jan Van Eyck only worked on the nobles or the wealthy families. Pieter Bruegel showed through his artwork the fun life of peasants. He showed how elders and the young ones danced and enjoyed their life. There also was a famous play writer, his name was William Shakespeare. His famous works were Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and The midsummer dream. The Northern Renaissance developed advances in science and Technology. The people started to use letters in algebra, develop new theories of the universe. Also a machine called printing press was invented. It helped to write more books and any one could afford books. Also people started to write books in their native language.
The Italian Renaissance started from 1300 until 1600. The Italian Renaissance began in the center city of Rome - Italy. The Italian Renaissance developed art, architecture, engineering, and renaissance writing. The Italian Renaissance were the first ones to develop a medici family which were later called the patrons. The development of art in the Italian Renaissance included changing the two dimensional into three dimensional art. Before the art works were flat and in the Italian Renaissance the artists, sculptures started to make art in 3D. This technique is known as perspective. This technique helped the art works to look more realistic. In the Italian Renaissance they had 3 main figures that were leading the art to its perfection. They were Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. They made the most famous works. There also was a famous architecture that changed architecting into something new. His name was Fillippo Brunelleschi. He was known for designing and building the most significant churches in those times. The last thing that was developed in the Italian Renaissance was writing. The writers were writing in latin and they made a new play that was called the divine comedy. It was focused on spiritual development and life after death.
Northern Renaissance:
The Renaissance started to move north after the Hundred Year war ended between England and France. The cities in this renaissance started to grow rapidly because trade was going very well. The Northern Renaissance developed writing, art, science, and technology. The people in the Northern Renaissance didn't focus too much on the classical art. Instead they created more realistic arts. There were 2 famous Flemish painters: Jan Van Eyck and Pieter Bruegel. Both of them should the lives of different social status. Jan Van Eyck only worked on the nobles or the wealthy families. Pieter Bruegel showed through his artwork the fun life of peasants. He showed how elders and the young ones danced and enjoyed their life. There also was a famous play writer, his name was William Shakespeare. His famous works were Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and The midsummer dream. The Northern Renaissance developed advances in science and Technology. The people started to use letters in algebra, develop new theories of the universe. Also a machine called printing press was invented. It helped to write more books and any one could afford books. Also people started to write books in their native language.
Wednesday, April 29, 2015
14.3 Section Review
Explain the importance of:
- missionary- a person who travels to a foreign country in order to do religious work.
- convert-to persuade a person to adopt a new religion or belief.
- covenant- a binding agreement
- Peace of Westphalia- an agreement reached in A.D. 1648, which recognized the permanent division of western Europe into Catholic and Protestant nations and ended many ongoing religious wars.
- Federalism - is the sharing of power between an organization, such as church or government and its members.
what role did religious missionaries play in the reformation?
- The missionaries gave a decisions to the people about changing their religion. If the people rejected then the missionaries would kill them.
what impact did the reformation have on the religious geography of the Americas?
- English people were one of the main people that have settled in the America, while being the protestant. While the Spanish, Portuguese and French were the main catholics that settled in Americas.
how did the protestants influence the development of democratic practices?
- in usual democracy, any person can become someone but the protestants made it that only Christians can be someone important. No Catholics
why might Catholic missionaries have had more success finding converts than protestant missionaries did?
- Because the Catholics have decided that their religion can be available to anyone and in any time new people could join, that's how they spread their religion. But the protestants chose people that were allowed to join.
Compare the maps on 457 and 482. what is the relationship between the distribution of religions in Europe and the Americas?
- In page 457 the Catholic church didnt have as much power but in page 482 the only religions that were left were Roman Catholic Church and Protestants. But before in page 457 there were many churches and religions. The Roman Catholic church moved to america and before it was in Europe.
Tuesday, April 28, 2015
14.2 Section Review
Explain the importance:
- John Calvin- was a french reformer.
- Predestination- God chooses the persons future before the person is born.
- Jesuit- religious order by the society of Jesus.
- Ignatius of Loyola- formed the Jesuits in the early 1530s.
- Inquisition -a court established by the Roman Catholic Church in 1542 A.D. to investigate people who may have strayed from Roman Catholic faith and to strengthen the power of the Church.
How did peasants use Luther's ideas to support their revolts?
- They used Luther's ideas to justify. They wanted freedom and when they used Luther's ideas it meant that God was on their side. They wanted equality between the nobles and the peasants.
According to John Calvin, what effect did good works have on a Christian's chances for salvation?
- John Calvin thought that Christians could do nothing to earn salvation. He was the one that talked about predestination. He wanted everyone to believe that god has already chosen their future before they were even born. So the people couldn't do anything to change their predestination.
How did the Council of Trent make the Catholic Church stronger?
- New religious orders were made
- He made a group of Jesuits. They were a military unit.
- They learned languages to spread the Catholicism in other countries.
What about the Reformation was most threatening to the Catholic Church?
- The reformation threatened the catholic church by making it almost fall. because the papacy created a list that considered a threat to the Catholic Church. The only people that had the list was Church Officials.
What advantages did the Catholic Church have when beginning the Counter Reformation?
- Churches had the power because the power of the king/queen fell. Churches started to gain more power.
Sunday, April 26, 2015
14.1 Section Review
14.1 section review
Explain the important:
∙great schism- split between Avignon and Rome. Where they choose different popes.
∙Martin Luther- was a man that represented the ideas of the new reform movement.
∙Reformation- to describe the movement of opposition to the Catholic Church
∙indulgence - is a relaxation of earthly penalty for sin.
∙Protestant- became the name for the Christians who broke with the Catholic Church.
How did the great schism weaken the church?
- it caused the confusion and doubt among the Christians and caused the church to weaken.
What were some of the Church practices that reformers spoke out against from the 14th through the 16th centuries?
- the people disliked several things. The people that lived in the outside of Italy didn't wanted to pay taxes anymore. Also the reformers didnt like that indulgence was sold. The critics didn't like how the church spent the Money and where they spent it.
What were some of the ideas Luther wanted to debate?
1)the bible is the only source of religious truth
2)people don't need the clergy to interpret the bible
3) salvation can be gained only through faith in Christ.
How did the growing strength of national states affected the papacy?
Now the pope wasn't only a religious leader, they also now became a military person. The pope tried to control people about religious meaning and the pope wanted to influence governments through the diplomacy.
How did Luther's ideas about religious truth threaten the church?
His ideas went against the Roman Catholic Church's teachings. His ideas made the Christians break into the Catholic Church. He and the people that agreed with him attacked the Roman Catholic Church.
Explain the important:
∙great schism- split between Avignon and Rome. Where they choose different popes.
∙Martin Luther- was a man that represented the ideas of the new reform movement.
∙Reformation- to describe the movement of opposition to the Catholic Church
∙indulgence - is a relaxation of earthly penalty for sin.
∙Protestant- became the name for the Christians who broke with the Catholic Church.
How did the great schism weaken the church?
- it caused the confusion and doubt among the Christians and caused the church to weaken.
What were some of the Church practices that reformers spoke out against from the 14th through the 16th centuries?
- the people disliked several things. The people that lived in the outside of Italy didn't wanted to pay taxes anymore. Also the reformers didnt like that indulgence was sold. The critics didn't like how the church spent the Money and where they spent it.
What were some of the ideas Luther wanted to debate?
1)the bible is the only source of religious truth
2)people don't need the clergy to interpret the bible
3) salvation can be gained only through faith in Christ.
How did the growing strength of national states affected the papacy?
Now the pope wasn't only a religious leader, they also now became a military person. The pope tried to control people about religious meaning and the pope wanted to influence governments through the diplomacy.
How did Luther's ideas about religious truth threaten the church?
His ideas went against the Roman Catholic Church's teachings. His ideas made the Christians break into the Catholic Church. He and the people that agreed with him attacked the Roman Catholic Church.
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