Martin Luther was the person that started the new reformation through his ideas. He was born in Germany in 1483. He was well educated and his father always wished that Luther would study law. In 1505 Luther decided to become a monk after he got stroked with a thunderstorm. After becoming a monk, Luther tried his best to live with what the Church instructed him. Luther was always worried about that God would punish him and he always thought that he was a sinner. When he started to think deeper about the punishment it brought him to think about God as if God was God of Mercy. Afterwards he started to believe that the people could be saved only if they had faith in Christ.
Luther started to led a conflict with the Catholic Church. The conflict started like this: the church was selling indulgences and Luther disapproved this. So he started to write his ideas in Ninety-Five These.
Several of his ideas:
-the bible is the only source of religious truth
-People don't need the clergy to interpret the bible
-salvation can be gained only through faith in Christ.
These ideas brought end to the Catholic church.
Thursday, May 14, 2015
Printing press reflection
Printing Press
Printing press the most significant technological achievement in the Renaissance era. Printing press was invented by a German man named Johann Gutenberg. This machine was invented in 1400s. The printing press was a machine that pressed paper against a full tray of inked movable type. Gutenberg used printing press to print the complete version of the bible in 1455. Printing press was very important because it now allowed to print more books instead of barely printing one. Also printing press allowed not only the noble class to read books but also it allowed the lower class to read books. The printing press also encouraged many authors in those times to start to write their book in their native language. The printing press also allowed the authors to write more books,which were translated into their native language. The people could read the books in their everyday language. The bible was also translated into different native languages and now people could understand the bible in their own conclusions about religious teachings
14.2 Lecture notes
Luther's ideas spread
-priests preached his message
Printing press
-cheaper
-many languages
Peasants revolt (1500s)
-Luthers ideas of individual freedom
-condemn peasants + nobility who mistreated peasants
Religious wars (mid 1500s)
Charles V head of Holy Roman Empire
-many German princes go to war with Charles V
-made Luther an outlaw
John Calvin (Calvinism)
-predestination
-individuals have no choice in heaven or hell
Church of England
-King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife
-form Church of England (Anglican)
-kept catholic beliefs but rejected pope
Counter reformation
Council of trent 1545-1563
- established differences between Protestants + Catholics
Jesuits - very organized, strict organization
-spread Catholicism to Africa, Asia + Americas
Inquisition - court to judge People who wander from the lord to Catholic Church
-officials used institution to torture to get people to confess sins
-priests preached his message
Printing press
-cheaper
-many languages
Peasants revolt (1500s)
-Luthers ideas of individual freedom
-condemn peasants + nobility who mistreated peasants
Religious wars (mid 1500s)
Charles V head of Holy Roman Empire
-many German princes go to war with Charles V
-made Luther an outlaw
John Calvin (Calvinism)
-predestination
-individuals have no choice in heaven or hell
Church of England
-King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife
-form Church of England (Anglican)
-kept catholic beliefs but rejected pope
Counter reformation
Council of trent 1545-1563
- established differences between Protestants + Catholics
Jesuits - very organized, strict organization
-spread Catholicism to Africa, Asia + Americas
Inquisition - court to judge People who wander from the lord to Catholic Church
-officials used institution to torture to get people to confess sins
Friday, May 1, 2015
Compare the Italian and the Northern Renaissance
Italian Renaissance:
The Italian Renaissance started from 1300 until 1600. The Italian Renaissance began in the center city of Rome - Italy. The Italian Renaissance developed art, architecture, engineering, and renaissance writing. The Italian Renaissance were the first ones to develop a medici family which were later called the patrons. The development of art in the Italian Renaissance included changing the two dimensional into three dimensional art. Before the art works were flat and in the Italian Renaissance the artists, sculptures started to make art in 3D. This technique is known as perspective. This technique helped the art works to look more realistic. In the Italian Renaissance they had 3 main figures that were leading the art to its perfection. They were Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. They made the most famous works. There also was a famous architecture that changed architecting into something new. His name was Fillippo Brunelleschi. He was known for designing and building the most significant churches in those times. The last thing that was developed in the Italian Renaissance was writing. The writers were writing in latin and they made a new play that was called the divine comedy. It was focused on spiritual development and life after death.
Northern Renaissance:
The Renaissance started to move north after the Hundred Year war ended between England and France. The cities in this renaissance started to grow rapidly because trade was going very well. The Northern Renaissance developed writing, art, science, and technology. The people in the Northern Renaissance didn't focus too much on the classical art. Instead they created more realistic arts. There were 2 famous Flemish painters: Jan Van Eyck and Pieter Bruegel. Both of them should the lives of different social status. Jan Van Eyck only worked on the nobles or the wealthy families. Pieter Bruegel showed through his artwork the fun life of peasants. He showed how elders and the young ones danced and enjoyed their life. There also was a famous play writer, his name was William Shakespeare. His famous works were Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and The midsummer dream. The Northern Renaissance developed advances in science and Technology. The people started to use letters in algebra, develop new theories of the universe. Also a machine called printing press was invented. It helped to write more books and any one could afford books. Also people started to write books in their native language.
The Italian Renaissance started from 1300 until 1600. The Italian Renaissance began in the center city of Rome - Italy. The Italian Renaissance developed art, architecture, engineering, and renaissance writing. The Italian Renaissance were the first ones to develop a medici family which were later called the patrons. The development of art in the Italian Renaissance included changing the two dimensional into three dimensional art. Before the art works were flat and in the Italian Renaissance the artists, sculptures started to make art in 3D. This technique is known as perspective. This technique helped the art works to look more realistic. In the Italian Renaissance they had 3 main figures that were leading the art to its perfection. They were Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. They made the most famous works. There also was a famous architecture that changed architecting into something new. His name was Fillippo Brunelleschi. He was known for designing and building the most significant churches in those times. The last thing that was developed in the Italian Renaissance was writing. The writers were writing in latin and they made a new play that was called the divine comedy. It was focused on spiritual development and life after death.
Northern Renaissance:
The Renaissance started to move north after the Hundred Year war ended between England and France. The cities in this renaissance started to grow rapidly because trade was going very well. The Northern Renaissance developed writing, art, science, and technology. The people in the Northern Renaissance didn't focus too much on the classical art. Instead they created more realistic arts. There were 2 famous Flemish painters: Jan Van Eyck and Pieter Bruegel. Both of them should the lives of different social status. Jan Van Eyck only worked on the nobles or the wealthy families. Pieter Bruegel showed through his artwork the fun life of peasants. He showed how elders and the young ones danced and enjoyed their life. There also was a famous play writer, his name was William Shakespeare. His famous works were Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and The midsummer dream. The Northern Renaissance developed advances in science and Technology. The people started to use letters in algebra, develop new theories of the universe. Also a machine called printing press was invented. It helped to write more books and any one could afford books. Also people started to write books in their native language.
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