Vocab for Unit 2

Nomads - a person who moves from place to place rather than setting permanently. 
-Nomad is a person  or a group of people who move from one place to another always. 
- Arab herds called Bedouins are nomads that have adapted their lives to arid lands. 

Pilgrimage- a journey to a sacred place or shrine. 
-Pilgrimage has to do mostly with religion. 
-the journey to a sacred place is called pilgrimage.  

Sunnah - Muhammed's words and deeds which serve Muslims as a guide for proper living.
- Muhammed's advices to people that helps people to live properly or the right way. 
-To people who believed in Muhammad thought that Muhammad was also sent to teach them a proper life.   

Iberian Peninsula- the southwestern tip of Europe, where the modern nations of Spain and Portugal located. 
- it's a peninsula that is located at the too of Europe. Now days it's located next to Spain and Portugal. 

golden age-  a period in which a society or culture is at it's peak. 
-Where a society or a culture is at it's best. 

cordoba- the capital of al-Andalus. 
-The capital of Al-Andalus is Cordoba. 

oasis- a fertile area in the midst of a desert. 
-It's a place in the desert and a little pond where animals can drink and plants grow. 
-Bedounins interacted with people that lived in oasis.  

Islam- a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Muhammad. 
-It's a religion based on teaching of Muhammad. 
- prophet of Muhammad was born in Mecca and in Mecca the religion of Islam was spread. 

mosque- a building for Muslim worship, designed to face the city of Mecca. 
-it's a building where Muslim people come and pray for god. 
-Muslims gather at this building to pray and worship the god. 

bureaucracy - a system of departments and agencies that carry out the work of a government. 
-it's a system of departments that's work for the government. 

Calligraphy - the art of fine handwriting. 
-it's an art of writing 

Abd-al-Rahman - the eighth emir of al-Andalus, during whose reign al-Andalus reached the height of it's power. 

Clans - a group of people related by blood or marriage. 
- it's families of people that are related by marriage or by blood. 
-Bedounis organized themselves into groups called clans. 

Muslims - a person who follows the religion of Islam, accepting Allah as the only god. 
-person who believes in Allah and his/her religion is Islam . 
-Muslim is one who believes in Islam. 

Caliph - a ruler of the Muslim community, viewed as a successor 
of Muhammad. 
-It's a ruler of Muslim group and was views as a successor of Muhammad. 
-in 632 Abu Bakr became the first caliph. 

Abd- al - Malik - a Muslim ruler who became caliph in A.D. 685 and made Arabic the official language of government in all Muslim lands.
-Ruler that made Arabic an official language of government 

Omar Khayyam - a Persian born Muslim poet who usually wrote in quatrain form and was also a great mathematician. 
-He was a good poet and a mathematician 

Mercenaries - a soldier who paid to fight. 

Allah - god in the Islamic religion. 
-Islam god 

Hijrah- the move of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to the city of Yathrib in A.D. 622 
-People who followed Muhammad from Mecca to Yathrib. 
-Hijrah is a migration. 

Shi'a - a Muslim group that resisted the Umayyad's rule, believing that the caliph should be a relative of the prophet Muhammad. 
-It's a group of Muslim people that didn't wanted Umayyad to rule, believing that Muhammad's prophet was right. 
-members of Shi were Shiites. 

Standing army - a fighting force that is maintained in times of peace as well as times of war. 
It's a fighting force that is used for wars. 

Faction - a Small group whose interests run counter to those of a larger group  of which they are apart. 

monotheism -  a belief in one god. 
-Muslims believed in Allah 

Qur'an - the Muslim holy book, consisting of revelations from Allah, that were collected by Muhammad's followers after his death. 
-It's a book where is written religious rules. 
-after Muhammad died his followers collected the Qur'an and made a book.  

Sunni - a member of the Muslim group that accepted the rule of the elected caliphs and did not resist the Umayyads 
-They liked Umayyad ruling, and they weren't against it. 
-the word meant followers of the sunnah, or followers of Muhammad. 

Baghdad - a city, located in what is now Iraq, that was the capital of the Abbasid empire. 
Baghdad was the capital of Abbasid empire. 

Al-Andalus - the area if Spain under Muslim control between the A.D. 700s and 1492 
-Spain under control of Muslims.